Estudo do uso de energia renovável nas zonas costeiras por ondas, marés, e ventos

Abstract

Electric power is essential for the functioning of a modern society, both for the creation of general purpose goods and for the provision of many services with which the population benefits. However, one of the main problems encountered today is related to the generation of energy in the future, as the increasing use of fossil fuels has caused a great environmental impact. The world's electricity matrix has in its majority the use of non-renewable sources for the generation of electric energy. In Brazil, renewable sources accounted for 83.2% of the installed capacity of electricity generation, mainly hydroelectric sources. Nevertheless, there is a need for its diversification by other renewable sources, especially in the global context. In this work, the main energies that reach the coast as an alternative source of electricity generation were chosen: the energy of the winds, the waves and the tide. The objective is to provide information on the use of renewable natural resources of the coast, for the production of electric energy. According to data released by the Brazilian Wind Energy Association (ABEEólica), the wind power source is expected to grow by more than half a percentage point in 2019 and exceed biomass by 2021. On the other hand, Brazil is still very behind in the use of waves and tides as an energy source compared to some European countries. Based on bibliographic data on wind velocities, currents and tidal amplitude, it was possible to infer a map about potential areas for the installation of devices for energy use in the Amazon Coastal Zone (ZCA). The main difficulty in relation to work was the number of specific references to the topic for Brazil that is very limited, as well as more precise information on oceanographic data in the ZCA, not allowing a broad comparison of data, restricting results and discussion.