Análise da bioimpedância na obesidade e no seguimento da cirurgia bariátrica dos pacientes atendidos no ambulatório de nutrição de um hospital universitário em Belém/Pa

Abstract

Introduction: The body composition assessment methods used in nutrition are diverse and each technique was developed in order to assess the patient's actual nutritional status. Bioimpedance (BIA) stands out as a safe and minimally invasive method, presenting results to better assess the body composition of individuals with obesity or who underwent metabolic surgeries. Objective: To analyze and describe the results of Bioimpedance in obesity and in the follow­up of bariatric surgery in patients seen at the nutrition clinic of a university hospital in Belém/Pa. Methodology: This is an analytical observational cross-­sectional study carried out during the first half of 2021 through the analysis of the medical records of patients participating in the research on obesity and obesity surgery treated at the nutrition clinic of a university hospital in Belém\PA. The analysis of the relationship between the variables that describe the patients' body composition [BMI, percentage of body fat (%), fat mass, total body water and skeletal muscle mass] was performed. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Institute of Health Sciences (ICS) of the Federal University of Pará under number 2,516.980\2018. Results: Data from 115 patients were analyzed. The Mann­-Whitney statistical test showed a significant difference between gender and BMI of patients (p < 0.0001), demonstrating that most of the population studied, about 35.7%, has a BMI in grade I obesity and that most of the audience is female. Furthermore, the patients were divided into two groups of equal numbers (n=57), with one group consisting of those who underwent bariatric surgery and the other composed of those who had never undergone it. Thus, it was possible to compare the BMI parameter between the two groups. The Student's t test performed for comparison showed a significant result (p <0.0001), demonstrating that the lowest BMI values are among the group that underwent bariatric surgery. Discussion: Accordingly, Zujaja Tauqeer et al. (2018) obtained data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey of the United States that show the high overall prevalence of obesity in adults and the highest prevalence of obesity in the female audience (40.4%) ( TAUQEER, GOMEZ AND STANFORD, 2018). As well as Braz, et. al (2020), the present study found that among patients with BMI in “eutrophy”, 4 of these had body fat parameters above normal, and levels of muscle position and hydration intact (BRAZ et. al, 2020). As well as Rêgo et. al (2017), Castanha et. al (2018) and Tedesco et. al (2016), this study found a significant difference (p <0.0001) when comparing the BMI of the group that underwent bariatric surgery with the BMI of the group that did not, demonstrating that the weight loss of patients undergoing bariatric surgery is effective and reaches the purpose of surgical indication (CASTANHA et. al, 2018; RÊGO et. al, 2017; TEDESCO et. al, 2016). Conclusion: The present research concludes that the method of body assessment by bioimpedance presents reliable results in the assessment of obese patients who have undergone any bariatric surgical procedure.