Púrpura trombocitopênica: perfil e causas em pacientes atendidos no ambulatório do HEMOPA - Janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2003

Abstract

The thrombocytopenic purpura is a hematological disease that discloses itself througth mucocutaneous bleeding and platelet count decreased to 150.000/mm3, have been reported immune process in most of cases, or coming secondarily from other illness, presenting, although, the idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (PTI) as the most prevalent. This study has as an objective to identify the main causes of the thrombocytopenic purpura in patients that look for medical care for the first time in the State Hematology Center, in the period of Jan/2001 to Dec/2003, as well as the evolution of disease. The datas were collected at the patients’s files through a descriptive and transverse study. The most common etiology was the PTI (74,80%) followed by secondary cases and rheumatic diseases (6,8%), besides less prevalent causes, such as hepatopatics and those ones that come whit infections, among others. Ecchymoses and petechiae where the causes that have motivated most of the first consult, and among the refereed signals and symptoms, most serious bleeding (melena, hematuria and eye and intra-brain hemorrhages) have occurred in 9,52% of the patients, being the platelet count reduced to less then 50.000/mm3 at 78,57% of them. To the PTI cases, the female gender was the most affected (65,50%), and the kind of evolution (acute ou chronic) has not showed specificity per age band (Fischer’s Exact Test, p = 0,2466). Indications of infections have been noted in 52,10% of the acute’s kind (Fischer’s Exact Test, p = 0,00001*), whit no prevalency for a period of the year (Chi Square’s Test, p = 0.4533). The use of medicine drugs was found in 14,28% of the patients, and the acetil-salicylic acid was reported as the unchained factor of the purpura in 23,80% between the ones that had the disease.