Resíduos sólidos: uma caracterização gravimétrica em três comunidades costeiras amazônicas

Abstract

The exacerbated increase in the production of solid waste led to an environmental management crisis caused by the challenges related to its difficult final destination. At a global level, coastal areas are even more exposed to this crisis. In coastal cities, the characteristics make it difficult to manage solid waste, which is already compromised by the lack of planning and sanitation infrastructure that prevails in developing countries. Within this context, there is the Northeast of the State of Pará, more specifically the Bragantina Coastal Plain, where the coastal communities object of this study are inserted: Vila dos Pescadores, Vila do Bonifácio and Vila Campo do Meio (Ajuruteua). The present study sought to characterize the environmental and social conditions of three coastal communities in Pará (Vila dos Pescadores - VP, Vila do Bonifácio - VB and Vila Campo do Meio - VCM) with a focus on the production and gravimetry of solid waste, in order to contribute to measures that contribute to the management of solid waste in these communities and to the mitigation of this problem. This research was carried out in three stages: the first stage involved an exploratory visit; the second stage, related to the application of socioeconomic questionnaires, took place in December 2019; and the third and final stage covered the collection of waste carried out in January 2020. Collections were later interrupted due to the advance of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, it was concluded that, although two of the communities are within an Extractive Reserve, there are still problems to be solved in relation to anthropic impacts. Despite the existence of waste collection on alternate days, this action does not inhibit the practice of inappropriate disposal, since many still practice methods such as burning and burying garbage. Added to this, the disorderly growth of residents related to the lack of structural planning. Communities have great tourist potential, and must be included in the perspective of integrated management and coastal management, adopting attitudes that promote sustainable development and develop a participatory environmental awareness of solid waste. Thus, in view of what has been exposed in this work, it is concluded that it is urgent to monitor existing public policies aimed at protecting the environment and the communities that derive their livelihood from it.