2026-03-132026-03-132025-08-19LOPES, Geovanni Eduardo Souza. Evidências e desafios da hipotermia terapêutica na encefalopatia hipóxico-isquêmica neonatal: uma revisão de literatura. Orientadora: Diana Albuquerque Sato. 2025. 44 f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Bacharelado em Medicina) - Faculdade de Medicina, Campus Universitário de Altamira, Universidade Federal do Pará, Altamira, 2025. Disponível em: https://bdm.ufpa.br/handle/prefix/9348. Acesso em:.https://bdm.ufpa.br/handle/prefix/9348Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a neurological condition resulting from hypoxia and ischemia during the perinatal period, characterized by brain damage that can seriously compromise the neuropsychomotor development of the newborn. This syndrome mainly affects full-term or near-term newborns, manifesting itself in varying degrees of severity. Due to its potential to cause medium- and long-term neurological sequelae or lead to death, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is considered one of the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality, especially in countries with limited resources. Thus, therapeutic hypothermia has established itself as the only intervention with proven efficacy in neurological protection, promoting a reduction in brain metabolism and inhibiting harmful mechanisms. The objective was to investigate the role of therapeutic hypothermia in the management of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. This study is an integrative review with a qualitative and descriptive approach. Twenty-nine scientific articles published between 2019 and 2025 were included, of which 9 address the concepts of therapeutic hypothermia; 12 address clinical outcomes after using the technique; and 7 address the challenges of implementing therapeutic hypothermia as a treatment. The analysis of the studies found that therapeutic hypothermia is significantly effective in reducing mortality and neurological sequelae when initiated early in neonates with moderate or severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. However, its application still faces structural and logistical challenges, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where the prevalence of the pathology is higher. Standardization of protocols, training of professionals, and access to appropriate technologies are key points for expanding the use of therapeutic hypothermia in a universal and effective mannerAcesso AbertoEncefalopatia hipóxico-isquêmicaNeonatosHipotermia terapêuticaHypoxic-ischemic encephalopathyNewbornsTherapeutic hypothermiaCNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::MEDICINA::CLINICA MEDICA::PEDIATRIATrabalho de Curso - Graduação - MonografiaAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil