2025-12-092025-12-092025-10-31PENTEADO, Bárbara Barros. Análise de desempenho em antenas mmWAVE para o 6g: estudo comparativo entre condutores convencionais e grafeno via método dos elementos finitos, Orientador: Karlo Queiroz da Costa. 2025. 82 f. Trabalho de Curso (Bacharelado em Engenharia Elétrica e Biomédica) – Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e Biomédica, Instituto de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, 2025. Disponível em: Valor Idioma Editar https://bdm.ufpa.br/handle/prefix/8955. Acesso em:.https://bdm.ufpa.br/handle/prefix/8955The sixth generation (6G) of mobile communications aims to revolutionize connectivity by enabling applications such as integrated Artificial Intelligence (AI), holographic communications, extended immersive reality (XR), and autonomous vehicles. The feasibility of these applications will require Terabit-per-second (Tbps) data rates and ultra-low latency, which fundamentally depends on exploring underutilized frequency spectrum bands, such as millimeter waves (mmWave) and Terahertz (THz). In this context, having efficient antennas available is essential. Therefore, this work examines a half-wave dipole antenna at 28 GHz, a candidate frequency for 6G, through a comparative study of its performance with different conductive materials. Using the Finite Element Method (FEM) in the COMSOL Multiphysics software, the antennas were modeled with copper and gold, both excellent conventional metallic conductors, and with graphene, an emerging material with unique electronic properties. The model was corroborated through a reference paper that used the Method of Moments (MoM), ensuring consistency of the analysis. The simulations showed that, even when subjected to skin effect, copper and gold dipoles exhibited high efficiency, at 93.88% and 93.82% respectively, confirming their sturdiness for practical mmWave applications. In contrast, despite being doped to enhance its conductivity, the graphene dipole achieved an insufficient efficiency of only 70.70% and was severely mismatched, making it unfeasible for mmWave. It is concluded that conventional metallic conductors remain as the most mature solution for 6G implementation in mmWave, and that the disruptive potential of graphene for wireless communications lies in the THz frequency range, where its plasmonic properties can be explored.Acesso Abertodipolo6Gondas milimétricasgrafenométodo dos elementos finitosmillimeter wavegraphenefinite element methodCNPQTrabalho de Curso - Graduação - Monografia